by Eliana Lakritz MS RD LDN, Clinical Dietitian, Baystate Noble Hospital
Eliana Lakritz MS RD LDN, Clinical Dietitian, Baystate Noble Hospital (WNG file photo)
Healthy eating is a major component of health maintenance throughout the aging process. However, changing nutrition demands, physiological body processes, and seemingly endless medication lists may put older adults at great nutritional risk. Described below are some common nutrition-related challenges that older adults may experience along with some tips on resolving them.
Reduced Appetite
A reduced appetite is one of the most common challenges faced by the elderly. The desire for food can be impacted by many factors, including but not limited to medication use, depression, general malaise, and underlying or progressing illnesses. Over time, a reduced appetite can lead to excessive weight loss and poor nutrition status, which can impact one’s ability to engage in activities of daily living. To combat weight loss associated with a reduced appetite, it may be helpful to have finger foods available that are rich in calories and protein, such as cheese and crackers, cottage cheese and dried fruit, or trail mix. Making mealtime a pleasant, enjoyable experience may help stimulate appetite. Having easy to eat foods/drinks may be helpful too. Try yogurt-based smoothies, oral nutrition supplements/shakes, sandwiches, and nutrient-dense soups.
Taste/Smell Changes
During the aging process, many people experience sensory changes that can impact nutrition status. When foods do not taste good or do not taste like anything at all, eating may become a less enjoyable experience. Sensory changes such as these can be caused by medications, taste bud deterioration, and in some cases, even a zinc deficiency. It can be helpful to experiment with fresh, varying types ofherbs and different dressings to add flavor.While it may make food more palatable, adding salt to meals could exacerbate some medical conditions. Ask your doctor or dietitian whether added salt is feasible.
Mobility and Access to Resources
Other factors that could increase nutritional risk in the elderly include financial and functional barriers. Seniors with lack of functional capacity at home and/or limited means to grocery shop are less likely to achieve adequate nutrition. Meal delivery agencies, transportation services and group meal centers can help to resolve these problems. Meals on Wheels and nearby senior centers are reasonable options as well. Visit www.eldercare.gov for local resources.
Gastrointestinal Health
Among many other gastrointestinal issues, constipation is common amongst the elderly. Declining physical activity, dehydration, and reduced food intake may play a role in this. To prevent or alleviate constipation, it is important to consumefoods high in fiber, such as raw fruits and vegetables, whole wheat products, beans, dried fruit, and whole grain cereals. Since the sensation of thirst may be reduced in elderly population, it is also important to drink plenty of fluids. Regular physical activity can help improve constipation. Check with your doctor before starting an exercise program.
Proper dentition and swallowing troubles also increase nutrition risk. It may be important to modify food textures for safe consumption. Cooking food thoroughly, chopping, pureeing, and thickening liquids are among many texture modifications that can make chewing/swallowing easier and safer. Make sure to visit the dentist and primary care physician regularly.
If you are interested in learning more about nutrition counseling sessions with a registered dietitian at Baystate Noble Hospital, please call 413-568-2811 ex: 5671 for more information.
